Track and field Olympic records: Most medals, times to beat heading into Paris 2024

The United States’ track and field team has enjoyed its fair share of dominance over the storied history of the Olympic Games. 

U.S. sprinter Carl Lewis won nine gold medals during his career, tied with Finnish distance runner Paavo Nurmi for most all time in track and field. Jamaica’s Usain Bolt is next on the list with eight gold medals. Bolt ran nine races and won nine gold medals, but his 2008 4x100m relay gold was stripped from him after one of Bolt’s teammates, Nesta Carter, tested positive for a banned substance.

U.S. sprinter Allyson Felix has the most gold medals of any woman in Olympic track and field history with seven. 

Evelyn Ashford and Sanya Richard-Ross are tied for the second-most Olympic gold medals among American women in track and field with four each.

As America’s best track and field stars take to the Stade de France for the 2024 Olympics in Paris, here is a look at the most dominant runners and field athletes in Olympic history:

Which country has won the most Olympic medals in track and field?

Entering the 2024 Olympics, the United States has collected the most Olympic medals in track and field history with 828, according to Olympedia. Great Britain is next on the list with 211, followed by the Soviet Union’s 193 and Finland’s 114.

Which country has won the most gold medals in track and field?

Team USA has won the most Olympic gold medals in track and field history with 344, followed by the Soviet Union with 64 and Great Britain with 56. Finland has the fourth-most Olympic gold medals with 48. 

Which male Olympian has won the most track and field medals?

Nurmi holds the most Olympic medals in track and field history with 12. Nurmi, who specialized in the men’s 5,000m and 10,000m events, captured nine gold medals and three silver medals in the 12 events he participated in during the 1920, 1924 and 1928 Olympics. Nurmi was part of a talented group of Finnish athletes who were nicknamed the “Flying Finns.”

Which female Olympian has won the most track and field medals?

Felix holds the women’s track and field record for most Olympic medals in history with 11.

Felix is a five-time Olympian, competing in 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020. She took home silver in the 200m event at the 2004 Athens Games and returned in 2008 to win silver in the 200m again. Felix secured the first gold medal of her career as part of the women’s 4x400m team at the 2008 Beijing Games.

Felix didn’t stop there. She made her third straight Olympic appearance at the 2012 London Games and dominated almost every event she competed in. Felix captured the long-awaited 200m gold medal that had eluded her the past eight years. The U.S. women’s 4x400m relay team defended its Olympic title in London. As part of the 4x100m relay team, Felix won her third gold medal of the 2012 Games by leading the U.S. women to an Olympic record-setting time of 40.82 seconds.

Felix took things to the next level in her fourth Olympic appearance, helping the U.S women’s 4x100m and 4x400m relay teams defend both titles at the 2016 Rio Games. She added a silver medal in the 400m to her total to become one of the most decorated female sprinters in Olympic history.

She capped off her historic Olympic career at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics with bronze in the 400m and a four-peat in the 4x400m relay.

Felix was tied with Jamaica’s Merlene Ottey heading into Tokyo. Ottey won her first bronze medal in the 200m at the 1980 Moscow Games and returned in 1984 to take home two bronze medals in the 100m and 200m in Los Angeles. Ottey then won one bronze at the 1992, 1996 and 2000 Games.

Which male Olympian won the most track and field medals in a single Olympics? 

Finland’s Ville Ritola put on an incredible performance at the 1924 Paris Games, winning six medals in the process. Ritola won gold medals in the 10,000m, the steeplechase, the cross-country and 3,000m team events. Ritola also won silver in the 5,000m and cross country individual races, coming in second to his teammate, Nurmi, who won five gold medals of his own that year.

Which female Olympian won the most track and field medals in a single Olympics? 

Florence Griffith Joyner and Fancina Blankers-Koen are tied for the most track medals in a single Olympic Games. Flo-Jo sprinted to three gold medals and a silver medal at the 1988 Seoul Games. She set world records in both the 100m and 200m races and won her third gold in the 4x100m relay. She added her fourth medal as part of the 4x400m relay team, taking home silver. Griffith Joyner earned the title of fastest woman alive with her sensational effort at the Seoul Games and became known as one of the most dominant sprinters in Olympic history.

Dutch athlete Fancina “Fanny” Blankers-Koen won four medals at the 1948 London Olympics at 30 years old. The mother of two was a star in London, winning gold in the 100m, 200m and 80m hurdles and helping the Netherlands win the 4x100m relay. Blankers-Keon accomplished the incredible feat while pregnant with her third child. She rightfully earned the nickname “the Flying Housewife” and was one of the most successful athletes of the 1948 Games.

Olympic track and field records

Here are some of the Olympic records in track and field:

Men’s 100m: Usain Bolt | 9.63 seconds | Aug. 5, 2012

Women’s 100m: Elaine Thompson-Herah | 10.61 seconds | July 31, 2021

Men’s 200m: Usain Bolt | 19.30 seconds | Aug. 20, 2008

Women’s 200m: Florence Griffith Joyner | 21.34 seconds | Sept. 29. 1988

Men’s 4x100m relay: Jamaica (Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Yohan Blake, Usain Bolt) | 36.84 seconds | Aug. 11, 2012

Women’s 4x100m relay: United States (Tianna Bartoletta, Allyson Felix, Bianca Knight, Carmelita Jeter) | 40.82 seconds | Aug. 10, 2012

Men’s 4x400m relay: United States (LaShawn Merritt, Angelo Taylor, David Neville, Jeremy Wariner) | 2:55.39 | Aug. 23, 2008

Women’s 4x400m relay: Soviet Union (Tatyana Ledovskaya, Olga Nazarova, Mariya Pinigina, Olga Bryzgina) | 3:15.17 | Oct. 1, 1988

Men's 110m hurdles: Liu Xiang | 12.91 seconds | Aug. 27, 2004

Women’s 100m hurdles: Jasmine Camacho-Quinn | 12.26 seconds | Aug. 1, 2021

Men’s 400m hurdles: Karsten Warholm | 45.94 seconds | Aug. 3, 2021

Women’s 400m hurdles: Sydney McLaughlin | 51.46 seconds | Aug. 4, 2021

Men’s steeplechase: Conseslus Kipruto | 8:03.28 | Aug. 17, 2016

Women’s steeplechase: Gulnara Galkina-Samitova | 8:58.81 | Aug. 17, 2008

Men's high jump: Charles Austin | 7 feet, 10 inches | July 28, 1996

Women’s high jump: Yelena Slesarenko | 6 feet, 9 ⅛ inches | Aug. 28, 2004

Men’s long jump: Bob Beamon | 29 feet, 2 ½ inches | Oct. 18, 1968

Women’s long jump: Jackie Joyner-Kersee | 24 feet, 5 ½ inches | Sept. 29, 1988

Men’s triple jump: Kenny Harrison | 59 feet, 4 ¼  inches | July 27, 1996

Women’s triple jump: Yulimar Rojas | 51 feet, 4 ⅞ inches | Aug. 1, 2021

Men’s decathlon: Damian Warner | 9,018 points | Aug. 5, 2021

Women’s heptathlon: Jackie Joyner-Kersee | 7,291 points | Sept. 24, 1988

Men’s shot put: Ryan Crouser | 76 feet, 5 inches | Aug. 5, 2021

Women’s shot put: Ilona Slupianek | 73 feet, 6 ¼ inches | July 24, 1980

Editor’s note: An earlier version of this article was published in July 2021.