The Trump administration can end humanitarian protections that have allowed hundreds of thousands of people from El Salvador, Nicaragua, Haiti and Sudan to remain in the United States, a divided appeals court ruled Monday.
While an appeal is imminent and orders to leave wouldn't take effect for months, the decision moved many people closer to losing legal status, including families who have been in the U.S. for decades and have young children who are American citizens.
The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals lifted a preliminary injunction that blocked the government from ending Temporary Protected Status, or TPS, for people from those four countries that are affected by natural disasters and civil conflict.
The order also applies to beneficiaries from Honduras and Nepal, who sued separately but are subject to Monday's ruling under an agreement between attorneys for both sides, said Ahilan Arulanantham, a lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California, who argued on behalf of TPS holders.
Since 1990, the policy has granted temporary legal status, which is often extended. But the Trump administration decided to end it for several countries, saying the conditions that justified protections in America no longer exist.
That decision had been on hold even as President Donald Trump moved to restrict other forms of humanitarian status in the U.S., such as refugee resettlement and access to asylum.
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A three-judge 9th Circuit panel in Pasadena, California, rejected arguments that the administration failed to follow proper procedures and that racially motivated comments by the president and his aides about some of the countries drove the decision to end TPS.
The ACLU noted that in 2017, Trump said recent immigrants from Haiti "all have AIDS" and that Nigerians, once seeing the United States, would never "go back to their huts" in Africa.
White House pressure on Homeland Security leaders to end TPS didn't prove racial motivation and was "neither unusual nor improper," wrote Judge Consuelo Callahan, who was appointed by President George W. Bush. She noted that the administration extended TPS for other non-white, non-European countries.
"While we do not condone the offensive and disparaging nature of the president's remarks, we find it instructive that these statements occurred primarily in contexts removed from and unrelated to TPS policy or decisions," Callahan wrote.
Judge Ryan Nelson, a Trump appointee, issued a concurring opinion. Judge Morgan Christen, who was appointed by President Barack Obama, dissented.
The ACLU will appeal to the full 9th Circuit and, depending on the outcome, may ask the Supreme Court to take the case, Arulanantham said.
"If the decision stands, these longtime lawful residents who were welcomed to the U.S. because their countries were mired in violence or natural disasters could be sent back," the ACLU said. "Because they have several hundred thousand American children — many of whom are school-aged — this decision would force those families to be torn apart."
The Justice Department welcomed the decision, saying allegations that TPS decisions were motivated by race were baseless.
People from Honduras, Nepal, Haiti, Nicaragua and Sudan could be forced to leave as early as March 5, Arulanantham said. Salvadorans would have until Nov. 5, 2021, under a separate pact between the U.S. and Salvadoran governments.
The ultimate outcome many hinge on the presidential election. Trump's Democratic challenger Joe Biden promises "an immediate review" of TPS and said he will pursue legislation for longtime residents to remain in the U.S. and seek citizenship.
More than 400,000 people from 10 countries have the protected status, including some 250,000 from El Salvador, according to the Congressional Research Service. El Salvador first got TPS in 2001 after earthquakes displaced much of the population.
Honduras has about 80,000 TPS beneficiaries, followed by Haiti with 55,000, Nepal with nearly 15,000, Nicaragua with about 4,500, and Sudan with less than 1,000.
Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele, who has worked closely with Trump on immigration, wrote on Twitter after the ruling that there is "enough time to ask our allies for a permanent solution, or at least another temporary solution."
Immigrant advocacy groups swiftly condemned the ruling.
"This is devastating news not just for families who are losing their protected status, but also for their communities," said Ali Noorani, president of the National Immigration Forum. "TPS recipients have deep economic and social roots in communities across the nation."
Farrah Larrieux has been in the U.S. since 2005 and her only only way to remain in the country is through TPS.
"(Trump) has the destroyed the lives of people who the only thing they have done is to come to this country to look for a better life," Larrieux said. "Because of Trump we are in limbo, but we are still business owners. We still wake up every day to go to work to show up to our work place to work hard and to get a paycheck and pay our bills and pay our taxes. We are contributing to social security."
Melissa Taveras with immigrant rights group FLIC Votes says the group looks forward to challenging the decision.
"This in the middle of a pandemic. This in the middle of knowing that we have more than 170,000 essential workers who are TPS beneficiaries alone," Taveras said. "At this critical moment, what we need is to protect our immigrant communities, not to incite further fears. So we are saddened by this court decision, but we look forward to challenging it.”
