I know how hard it is to raise capable and emotionally intelligent kids. But the key is to practice supportive communication.

As a neuroscientist, mom and author of "How to Help Your Child Clean Up Their Mental Mess," I've found that how we respond to our children's feelings has a huge impact on how they process and understand life.

Here are five common phrases I never say to my kids:

1. "You are being very bad."

When a child loses their sense of self, it can result in emotions of rage, anxiety, self-pity or hopelessness. But they're not being bad or naughty or difficult — they are going through an identity crisis.

If left unmanaged, an identity crisis can create a sense of shame that can easily creep into all aspects of a child's life, potentially leading to mental health issues.

When my kids are struggling, I don't take an accusatory tone. I try to describe what I see in the moment: their emotions, behaviors and physical reactions as responses to what they are experiencing.

What I say instead: "I see you're feeling frustrated and are doing things you don't normally do. Can I help you work out what is going on?"

2. "You're overreacting!"

Even if you don't agree with what your child is saying, it's damaging to dismiss their feelings. If I need time to process what they are saying, I take a few moments to breathe deeply and get my feelings under control.

I maintain eye contact and watch my body language, as children are often better than adults at reading nonverbal cues and tend to shut down if they don't feel it's safe to talk.

What I say instead: "I need a moment to cool down. Let's take a quick break and try again later."

3. "That's not so bad. You will get over it."

When you tell a child they'll "get over it," you invalidate their experience and can make them feel bad about having normal human emotions. They may think there's something wrong with them for having these feelings.

As parents, we are not experts in anyone else's experience, including our children. If my child is trying to communicate how they feel about something, I respond with curiosity and concern.

Remember that moments like these can be great teaching tools, and a chance to demonstrate empathy.

What I say instead: "I hear you. That sounds hard! What can I do to help?"

4. "Stop crying!"

Crying is a neurobiological mechanism that helps us deal with pent up energy that accumulates in the mind, brain and body. It's an incredibly important tool to prevent the suppression of emotions and help us maintain our mental well-being.

I recommend offering a distraction, like going for a walk. Doing an unrelated activity can make it easier for a child to open up about what they are going through. Providing comfort can help you get to bottom of the issue instead of letting it build up over time.

What I say instead: "Would you like me to hold you and comfort you?" or "Would you like to go for a walk or a drive?"

5. "Because I said so."

Whenever I set a boundary as a parent, I always tell my kids why. If you refuse to offer an explanation, it inhibits a child's natural curiosity and reasoning powers, and leaves them feeling confused.

Your child is looking to the adults in their life to help them make sense of the world. So instead of giving a command, use these moments as teaching opportunities to better prepare your child for future challenges.

What I say instead: "I don't want you to climb that tree because it's dangerous. You could fall and hurt yourself."

Dr. Caroline Leaf is a clinical neuroscientist and author of "How to Help Your Child Clean Up Their Mental Mess: A Guide to Building Resilience and Managing Mental Health" and "Switch on Your Brain: Think Learn Succeed, Cleaning Up Your Mental Mess." She has a masters and PhD in Communication Pathology, specializing in cognitive and metacognitive neuropsychology. Follow Caroline on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

Don't miss:

• I talked to 70 parents who raised highly successful adults—here's the No. 1 parenting style they used on their kids
• Parents who raise healthy eaters never use these 4 'toxic' phrases when their kids are young, says dietitian
• Kids who do these 12 things have 'highly sensitive' brains—parenting experts say it's an 'advantage'

Want to be smarter and more successful with your money, work & life? Sign up for our new newsletter here

Take your business to the next level: Register for CNBC's free Small Business Playbook virtual event on August 2 at 1 p.m. ET to learn from premier experts and entrepreneurs how you can beat inflation, hire top talent and get access to capital.